Charisma as a kind of “influence from below,” that requires listening carefully to and selecting for what resonates with the audience/constituency:
“This particular form of influence from below works only in certain conditions. . . . A social or revolutionary movement not yet in power is more likely to have better hearing than one that has come to power. The most powerful don’t have to learn how to carry a tune. Or, as Kenneth Boulding put it, ‘the larger and more authoritarian an organization [or state], the better chance that its top decision-makers will be operating in purely imaginative worlds.'” James C. Scott, Two Cheers for Anarchism, p. 29.